Sunday, 29 June 2014

Facebook dimanipulasi EMOSI PENGGUNA Sebagai Sebahagian daripada PERCUBAAN Psikologi - kajian

AFP Photo/Leon Neal

bOLLy ENn Facebook menjalankan eksperimen psikologi ke atas pengguna dengan memanipulasi emosi mereka tanpa pengetahuan mereka, satu kajian baru mende-dahkan.

Penyelidik toyed dengan perasaan 689003 dipilih secara rawak berbahasa Inggeris pengguna Facebook dengan menukar kandungan berita mereka, menurut kertas yang diterbitkan ‘published’ dalam edisi Jun daripada 'Prosiding National Academy of Saintis jurnal (PNAS).

Dalam tempoh seminggu pd bln Januari 2012, penyelidik dipentaskan 2 eksperimen yg sama, mengurangkan bilangan kemas kini positif atau negatif dlm berita makanan setiap pengguna.

"Apabila ungkapan positif telah dikurangkan, orang yang dihasilkan jawatan positif lebih sedikit dan jawatan lebih negatif; apabila ungkapan negatif dikurangkan, corak yang bertentangan berlaku Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa emosi dinyatakan oleh orang lain di Facebook mempengaruhi emosi kita sendiri, yg menjadi bukti eksperimen untuk besar2. penularan melalui rangkaian sosial, "kata penulis kertas, yg termasuk penyelidik dari Facebook, Universiti Cornell, dan University of California.

"Kami juga memperhatikan kesan pengeluaran: Orang yang terdedah kepada posts emosi kurang (sama ada valensinya) dalam News Feed mereka kurang ekspresif keseluruhan pada hari-hari berikut."

Para penyelidik menunjukkan bahawa kajian yang berjaya adalah yang pertama untuk mencari yang mood diungkapkan melalui rangkaian sosial mempengaruhi emosi orang lain.

"Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa emosi dinyatakan oleh rakan-rakan, melalui rangkaian sosial dalam talian, mempengaruhi mood kita sendiri, membentuk, untuk pengetahuan kita, bukti eksperimen pertama utk besar2 penularan emosi melalui rangkaian sosial, & menyediakan sokongan utk tuntutan sebelum ini dipertandingkan bahawa emosi merebak melalui penularan melalui rangkaian."

Para pengguna Facebook tidak diberitahu eksperimen. Walau bagaimanapun, ber-gantung kepada terma Facebook perkhidmatan (yang tiap-tiap orang bersetuju apabila mereka mendaftar di rangkaian sosial), data pengguna boleh digunakan "untuk operasi dalaman, termasuk penyelesaian masalah, analisis data, pengujian, penyelidikan dan penambahbaikan perkhidmatan."

Para penyelidik berpendapat bahawa eksperimen mereka adalah konsisten dengan Dasar Penggunaan Data Facebook.

Kertas ini juga dinyatakan bahawa para penyelidik tidak pernah melihat kandungan jawatan sebenar; sebaliknya, mereka bergantung pd komputer yg dikira berlakunya perkataan positif dan negatif di lebih daripada 3 juta kemas kini status. Mereka jawatan terkandung sejumlah 122 juta perkataan; 4 juta daripada mereka yang positif (3.6%) dan 1.8 juta adalah negatif (1.6%).

Kepentingan penyelidikan telah dikurangkan kepada peratusan yang sangat kecil, sebagai "penularan emosi" dianggarkan hanya 0.1 peratus. Walau bagaimanapun, seseorang boleh berhujah bahawa dengan lebih daripada 1.3 bilion pengguna Facebook di seluruh DUNIA, bahawa peratusan kecil masih termasuk sejumlah besar orang.

Facebook manipulated users' emotions as part 
of psychological experiment - study

Facebook conducted a psychological experiment on its users by manipulating their emotions without their knowledge, a new study reveals.

Researchers toyed with the feelings of 689,003 randomly selected English-speaking Facebook users by changing the contents of their news feed, according to a paper published in the June edition of the journal 'Proceedings of the National Academy of Scientists' (PNAS).

During a week-long period in January 2012, researchers staged two parallel experiments, reducing the number of positive or negative updates in each user's news feed.

"When positive expressions were reduced, people produced fewer positive posts and more negative posts; when negative expressions were reduced, the opposite pattern occurred. These results indicate that emotions expressed by others on Facebook influence our own emotions, constituting experimental evidence for massive-scale contagion via social networks," said the authors of the paper, who include researchers from Facebook, Cornell University, and the University of California.

“We also observed a withdrawal effect: People who were exposed to fewer emotional posts (of either valence) in their News Feed were less expressive overall on the following days.”

The researchers indicated that the successful study is the first to find that moods expressed via social networks influence the emotions of others.

“These results suggest that the emotions expressed by friends, via online social networks, influence our own moods, constituting, to our knowledge, the first experimental evidence for massive-scale emotional contagion via social networks, and providing support for previously contested claims that emotions spread via contagion through a network.”

The Facebook users were not notified of the experiment. However, according to Facebook's terms of service (to which every person agrees when they register on the social network), users’ data may be used “for internal operations, including troubleshooting, data analysis, testing, research and service improvement.”

The researchers argue that their experiment was consistent with Facebook’s Data Use Policy.

The paper also stated that the researchers never saw the content of the actual posts; instead, they relied on a computer which counted the occurrence of positive and negative words in more than three million status updates. Those posts contained a total of 122 million words; four million of those were positive (3.6%) and 1.8 million were negative (1.6%).

The significance of the research was reduced to a very small percentage, as the “emotional contagion” was estimated at only 0.1 percent. However, one can argue that with more than 1.3 billion Facebook users worldwide, that small percentage still includes a significant amount of people.


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