bOLLy ENn - Selepas
10 tahun rundingan, Gazprom Rusia dan CNPC China akhirnya menandatangani perjanjian
gas bersejarah yang menyediakan ekonomi yang paling pesat berkembang dengan gas
semula jadi ia perlu seiring untuk 30 tahun akan datang.
Jumlah
nilai kontrak adalah $ 400 bilion, kata Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Gazprom Aleksey
Miller. Walau bagaimanapun, harga gas ditetapkan dalam dokumen itu kekal
sebagai "rahsia perdagangan."
Dengan
andaian harga keseluruhan kontrak itu hanya kos bekalan gas Rusia , maka tanda
harga $400 billion bermakna China akan membayar kira-kira $ 350 setiap 1,000
meter padu. Harga penghantaran bagi kontrak akan terikat dengan harga minyak
pasaran, Putin berkata dari Shanghai pada Selasa.
Pelaburan
infrastruktur dari kedua-dua pihak akan menjadi lebih daripada $ 70 bilion dan
akan menjadi projek pembinaan yang terbesar di DUNIA, dengan Rusia menyediakan
$55 billion di depan dan China $22 billion untuk saluran paip di wilayah
masing-masing.
Ini
adalah kontrak terbesar Gazprom setakat ini.
Rusia
akan membekalkan China 38 bilion meter padu gas setahun melalui 'Kuasa Siberia'
timur talian paip, yang melintasi Siberia dan sampai kawasan timur laut ramai
penduduk China. Laluan berasingan yang boleh menyampaikan gas ke wilayah barat
China dan memberikan kepelbagaian juga dalam kerja-kerja, menurut Putin.
Satu
memorandum persefahaman telah ditandatangani di hadapan Presiden Rusia Vlad-imir
Putin dan Presiden China Xi Jinping pada hari kedua lawatan dua hari negeri
Putin ke Shanghai.
Menurut
Miller, perjanjian itu telah ditubuhkan melalui pada 4:00 petang waktu Shanghai
apabila beliau memahami "semua isu-isu asas telah diselesaikan."
Pengeluar
RT dimaklumkan daripada perjanjian tenaga mercu tanda sebelum perjanjian
selepas perbualan dengan Miller.
Perjanjian
itu datang sebagai sebahagian daripada skala yang lebih besar pangsi Rusia ke Asia
dan terutamanya China sebagai negara Barat mengancam sekatan ke atas pergo-lakan
di Ukraine.
Sekatan
oleh Amerika Syarikat dan Kesatuan Eropah telah kebanyakannya terhad kepada
pengharaman visa dan membeku aset di sesetengah pegawai tinggi Rusia, manakala
seta-kat ini hanya mengancam pusingan ke-3 yang dipanggil sekatan ekonomi
sebenar terha-dap perniagaan hidrokarbon Rusia.
Hanya
menjelang lawatan Putin ke Shanghai, Perdana Menteri Rusia Dmitry Medvedev
memberi jaminan bahawa harga yang dipersetujui akan berlaku adil.
"Satu
bahagian sentiasa mahu untuk menjual dengan harga yang lebih tinggi, manakala
yang lain mahu membeli dengan harga yang rendah," kata Medvedev.
"Saya percaya baha-wa dalam jangka masa panjang, harga akan berlaku adil
dan benar-benar setanding den-gan harga bekalan Eropah."
Satu
kejayaan besar dalam rundingan datang pada hari Ahad sebagai ketua Gazprom
Aleksey Miller duduk dengan rakan sejawatannya CNPC beliau, Zhou Jiping, di
Beijing untuk membincangkan butiran akhir, termasuk formula harga.
Walaupun
Eropah masih pasaran tenaga terbesar di Rusia - membeli lebih daripada 160
bilion meter padu gas asli Rusia pada 2013 - Moscow akan menggunakan setiap
peluang untuk mempelbagaikan penghantaran gas dan meningkatkan kehadirannya di
pasaran Asia.
"Saya
tidak akan mencari politik di sebalik ini, tetapi saya tidak ragu-ragu yang
membe-kalkan tenaga untuk Rantau Asia Pasifik memegang keluar janji yang besar
pada masa depan," kata Medvedev.
Pada
bulan Oktober 2009, Gazprom dan CNPC menandatangani perjanjian rangka kerja
bagi projek Altai yang membayangkan membina saluran paip untuk membekalkan gas
asli daripada bidang di Siberia melalui bahagian barat sempadan Rusia- China.
Pada
bulan Mac 2013, Gazprom dan CNPC menandatangani memorandum persefahaman
mengenai bekalan gas Rusia ke China bersama-sama 'Kuasa Siberia' timur yang
dikenali sebagai laluan. Apabila kedua-dua saluran paip diaktifkan, Rusia boleh
membekalkan Asia dengan 68 bilion meter padu gas setiap tahun.
Tahun
lepas, China menggunakan kira-kira 170 bilion meter padu gas asli dan dijangka
mengambil 420 billion meter padu setahun pada tahun 2020.
Russia
and China seal historic $400bn gas deal
After
10 years of negotiations, Russia's Gazprom and China's CNPC have finally signed
a historic gas deal which will provide the world's fastest growing economy with
the natural gas it needs to keep pace for the next 30 years.
The
total value of the contract is $400 billion, Gazprom CEO Aleksey Miller said.
However, the price of gas stipulated in the document remains a "commercial
secret."
Assuming
the overall price of the contract includes only the cost of supplies of Russian
gas, then the $400 billion price tag means China will pay about $350 per 1,000
cubic meters. Delivery price for the contract will be tied to market oil
prices, Putin said from Shanghai on Tuesday.
Infrastructure
investment from both sides will be more than $70 billion and will be the
world's largest construction project, with Russia providing $55 billion up
front and China $22 billion for pipelines on their respective territories.
This is
Gazprom's biggest contract to date.
Russia
will supply China 38 billion cubic meters of gas per year via the eastern
'Power of Siberia' pipeline, which crosses Siberia and reaches China's populous
northeast regions. A separate route that could deliver gas to China's western
provinces and provide diversification is also in the works, according to Putin.
A
memorandum of understanding was signed in the presence of Russian President
Vladimir Putin and President of China Xi Jinping on the second day of Putin’s
two-day state visit to Shanghai.
According
to Miller, the deal was set to go through at 4:00pm Shanghai time when he
understood "all fundamental issues were resolved."
RT
producers were informed of the landmark energy deal prior to its signing after
a conversation with Miller.
The
deal comes as a part of Russia’s larger-scale pivot to Asia and especially
China as Western economies threaten sanctions over turmoil in Ukraine.
Sanctions by the US and the EU have been mostly limited to visa bans and asset
freezes on some of Russia’s top officials, while so far only threatening a
so-called third round of real economic sanctions against Russian hydrocarbon
businesses.
Just
ahead of Putin's visit to Shanghai, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev gave
reassurance that the agreed price would be fair.
“One
side always wants to sell for a higher price, while the other wants to buy for
a lower price,” Medvedev said. “I believe that in the long run, the price will
be fair and totally comparable to the price of European supplies.”
A major
breakthrough in negotiations came on Sunday as Gazprom chief Aleksey Miller sat
down with his CNPC counterpart, Zhou Jiping, in Beijing to discuss final
details, including price formulas.
Although
Europe is still Russia's largest energy market – buying more than 160 billion
cubic meters of Russian natural gas in 2013 – Moscow will use every opportunity
to diversify gas deliveries and boost its presence in Asian markets.
“I
wouldn’t look for politics behind this, but I have no doubt that supplying
energy to the Asia Pacific Region holds out a great promise in the future,”
Medvedev said.
In
October 2009, Gazprom and CNPC inked a framework agreement for the Altai project
which envisions building a pipeline to supply natural gas from fields in
Siberia via the western part of the Russia-China border.
In
March 2013, Gazprom and CNPC signed a memorandum of understanding on Russian
gas supplies to China along the so-called eastern 'Power of Siberia' route.
When both pipelines are activated, Russia can supply Asia with 68 billion cubic
meters of gas annually.
Last
year, China consumed about 170 billion cubic meters of natural gas and is
expected to consume 420 billion cubic meters per year by 2020.
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MORE: http://on.rt.com/jjn3m8
